2021考研英語閱讀理解之:同義替換
英語復(fù)習(xí)一直是考研路上的一道難以跨越的砍,得閱讀者,得英語。那么在實際的復(fù)習(xí)中,到底這部分內(nèi)容應(yīng)該怎么備考?下面我們就2002年文中里出現(xiàn)的同義替換簡要跟大家來分享下,希望在以后的閱讀過程中注意此類選項和原文做對比, 以提高做題效率。
Text1 是一篇講述如何在對話中有效使用幽默的文章
1. :To make your humor work, you should ________.
答案C:address different problems to different people
定位原文:Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.
答題要點(diǎn):既然是細(xì)節(jié)題,并且出現(xiàn)在第一道,那么應(yīng)該正確答案理應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在文章前面段落,并且很可能就是第一段.正確選項和原文之間并非出現(xiàn)詞匯的同義替換, 而是換了句型.
2:The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ________.
正確答案B:very conscious of their godlike role
原文復(fù)現(xiàn):"Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh, that's God," came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."
答題要點(diǎn):這個題目難度較大, 但是解本題的時候, 除了找到此同義替換局外, 還有一點(diǎn)是關(guān)鍵的, 那就是這個例子出現(xiàn)的背景, 那就是護(hù)士對醫(yī)生有著一致的看法和觀點(diǎn), 并且絕對不是一種好的評價, 所以才會拿來開玩笑. 所以再結(jié)合原文, 應(yīng)該推斷, B為正確選項.說明醫(yī)生很在乎自己上帝般的角色God再次出現(xiàn)。
3: It can be inferred from the text that public services ________.
正確答案D:have often been the laughing stock
原文定位:You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.
答題要點(diǎn):the Post Office or the telephone system與public services屬于上下義的關(guān)系,因此一定程度上屬于同義替換, 并且laughing stock與scapegoats如果仔細(xì)看這段文字的話, 也會發(fā)現(xiàn), 其實就是同義的表達(dá)而已.
4:To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered ________.
答案D:as casually as possible
原文定位:If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner.
答題要點(diǎn):先定位, 然后再來分析發(fā)現(xiàn)原文中nature, casual, off-the-cuff,relaxed, unforced全都是答案中casually的同義詞, 如此之多, 完全可以判定正確選項D
Text 2
1: Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in ________.
正確答案C:the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work
原文定位:Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty.
解題要點(diǎn):本題的難度較小, 很容易辨析, 在原文與選項的對比之后發(fā)現(xiàn)tools 再次出現(xiàn),difficult, dangerous是dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty的同義替換, 也就是換個方式把原文的意思重新表達(dá)一次, 很明顯為正確選項.
2: The word "gizmos" (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means ________.
正確答案C:devices
原文定位:As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor.
解題要點(diǎn):從題型來看, 這屬于典型的詞匯題, 而詞匯題的做題關(guān)鍵則是在原文的上下文中找出相應(yīng)的近義詞, 同義詞和反義詞之類, 也可以使同義表達(dá).從后面定語從句來看,重點(diǎn)是remove human labor. 再從后面的幾個例子中,factory, banking, subway train幾個東西都是工具,得出答案。
3:題:According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can __
正確答案D:respond independently to a changing world
原文定位:"While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, "we can't yet give a robot enough 'common sense' to reliably interact with a dynamic world."
答題要點(diǎn):reliably interact with a dynamic world是文章中的respond independently to a changing world同義轉(zhuǎn)化,并且題目中也有類似的同義替換, 如beyond man’s ability 等同于原文中的 can not yet give…
4:Besides reducing human labor, robots can also ________.
正確答案B:deal with some errors with human intervention
原文定位:But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves –; goals that pose a real challenge….while we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error…
答題要點(diǎn):同義替換, with human intervention替換了文中with less human supervision.
比其他一些題目更難的地方在于, 這句話無論是原文還是正確選項都有個前提, 所以必須考慮進(jìn)來, 如果不考慮前提, 很有可能出現(xiàn)斷章取義, 導(dǎo)致錯選了A, make a few decision for themselves.
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